The yield strength is calculated by __________ divided by the cross-sectional area.

The yield strength is determined by dividing the yield point load by the cross-sectional area. The yield point load represents the amount of force applied to a material at which it begins to deform plastically. Beyond this point, the material will not return to its original shape and may undergo permanent deformation. By using the yield point load, we can specifically identify the load that causes a defined level of permanent deformation, which is essential in understanding the material's mechanical properties and ensuring it performs adequately under stress.

Calculating yield strength this way provides a direct correlation between the force applied and the material’s ability to resist that force without failing, making it a critical factor in structural and engineering applications. This understanding is crucial for ensuring safety and performance standards in welding and materials usage.