Which welding operation is characterized by a "drooping" curve?

The welding operation characterized by a "drooping" curve is Constant Current (CC). In a CC system, the voltage output varies as the arc length changes, but the current remains relatively constant. As the arc length increases (for example, due to a drooping electrode), the voltage tends to decrease somewhat, which results in a drooping curve when plotted on a graph. This allows the operator to maintain a stable arc despite fluctuations, making it suitable for processes like Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) or Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW).

In the case of Constant Voltage (CV) systems, the voltage remains relatively constant while the current varies with changes in the arc length. This relationship would typically produce a flat or slightly rising curve on a graph rather than a drooping curve.

Pulsed MIG welding utilizes a different approach where the current alternates between high and low levels, and thus would not display the drooping characteristics inherent to a Constant Current operation.

Submerged Arc Welding operates under a constant voltage system as well and does not fit the description of a drooping curve due to its controlled voltage supply that aims to maintain a steady arc.

Understanding these relationships in current and voltage management is crucial for selecting the appropriate welding