Canadian Welding Bureau (CWB) Level II Practice Exam

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• What is the main alloying element in the AISI 300 series?
• What is the main advantage of using a drop-in rod for welding?
• What is a key distinction between a "weld symbol" and a "welding symbol"?
• In a basic oxygen furnace, what does the term "basic" refer to?
• On a radiograph, does a slag inclusion appear as a light or dark area?
• What does the extensometer measure in a specimen during testing?
• What does "accuracy" refer to in measurements?
• Which class of steel is produced without any deoxidants added?
• In a welding symbol, where is the length of the weld located relative to the fillet weld symbol?
• How long should you allow your eyes to adapt after coming in from full daylight before viewing a radiograph?
• What is the optimal storage temperature for low-hydrogen electrodes?
• Does the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process use constant current or constant voltage?
• What kind of crystalline structure does nickel have?
• When determining the other side of a weld symbol on a cruciform joint, is it permissible to go through the solid member?
• Which type of stainless steel is known for its ductility and formability in welded structures?
• Which class of steel is fully-deoxidized and typically has a large shrinkage cavity or "pipe" at the top?
• What happens to acetylene when it exceeds its safe pressure limit?
• What largely determines the hardness of martensitic stainless steels?
• What issue can arise if there is friction in the loading system during hardness testing?
• What is the maximum temperature limit for re-baking a low-hydrogen SMAW electrode?
• What aspect of an E308 electrode makes it suitable for welding 304 stainless steel?
• Which type of stainless steel does not suffer from hydrogen embrittlement or hydrogen-induced cracking?
• With 18% chromium, how much percent of nickel is necessary for stainless steel to be austenitic?
• What device is used to measure the strain during a test?
• Which factor primarily affects the strength of precipitation-hardening stainless steels?
• What is the most likely cause of centerline solidification cracking during welding?
• What is the main purpose of low-hydrogen electrodes in SMAW?
• Below 723° Celsius, what type of grain structure does steel exhibit?
• What property of an electrode enhances its ability to prevent oxidation during welding?
• Which defect is least likely to be detected using surface crack testing methods?
• In an X-ray setup, increasing the voltage _________ the wavelength.
• What is the primary function of a transformer in welding?
• Which metallurgical phase contributes to the hardness of steel when carbon content is high?
• What is the Canadian Standard that governs safety in the welding industry?
• In general, radiographs made with gamma rays are considered to be what compared to those made with X-rays?
• Which type of arc is typically used in plasma cutting of stainless steel?
• Which has a shorter wavelength - X-rays or Gamma rays?
• Which properties can be adjusted to modify the hardness of martensitic stainless steel?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of basic flux?
• What is the result of increased nitrogen content in the final weld deposit?
• What is necessary for effective measurement using a fillet gauge?
• What is the significance of bead appearance in welding?
• What is the moisture content range for cellulosic SMAW rods?
• Solidification cracks are primarily found in which direction?
• What substance should you NEVER apply to a stiff pressure-adjusting screw on an oxygen regulator?
• What is the primary purpose of using an IQI in radiographic testing?
• Which of the following is the most common toughness test?
• What is the method for measuring the size of a flare-groove weld?
• How does hardness change with the cooling rate in welding?
• A "controlled thermal severity" test (CTS) uses which type of weld?
• What does a "T" classification indicate in a CWB Welder qualification?
• In North America, which of the following is the third orthographic view commonly used?
• True or False: Sensitization of stainless steel can occur in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of a weld.
• What does a rectifier do in a welding setup?
• Which type of SAW flux can be gathered and reused?
• When the arc length is increased in arc welding, what happens to the arc voltage?
• What effect does a thicker weld have on the clarity of defects on a radiograph?
• Which stainless steel category is known for high ductility and formability?
• What is the purpose of using an electrode with a higher nickel-chromium content?
• Which polarity is typically used for Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)?
• Which welding process is characterized by its use of a continuously fed electrode and shielding gas?
• Given identical welding parameters, which material will result in a 50% larger weld fusion zone?
• At what temperature should a steel tape measure be checked?
• Is an incorrect root opening classified as a dimensional fault or a structural fault?
• What is the major load used in the Rockwell C Scale?
• Which element is primarily responsible for stabilizing the austenitic structure?
• Which organization in Canada controls the use of gamma ray devices?
• How is shear stress commonly experienced in materials?
• In a hardness test, if the specimen is too thin, what might occur?
• What is the term used for the extension divided by the original length?
• In a FCAW wire designation, what does the digit with either an L, M, or H refer to?
• What is the key benefit of self-shielded FCAW?
• What is the effect of stress relief on the hardness of weld metal?
• What type of testing machine uses a diamond indenter?
• When using DC magnetization with Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI), you are able to detect which types of defects?
• What is the transformational temperature of pure iron?
• How large of a crack or open defect will most codes consider a failure in a guided bend test?
• On a radiograph, does a tungsten inclusion appear as a light or dark area?
• What is the maximum temperature for heat straightening or forming of low-alloy steels?
• What does "helix" refer to in the context of welding wire?
• What does TLV stand for in welding safety regulations?
• What defines "effective throat thickness" in a groove weld?
• According to Module 18, where should the IQI be placed on the specimen?
• During the generation of X-rays, what percentage of the energy produced is converted to heat?
• Which type of penetration is expected when using DCEN polarity in GTAW?
• What is the maximum number of views in an orthographic drawing?
• In radiography, contrast is improved by using __________ energy levels.
• At what carbon percentage does steel transition to cast iron?
• What is the third type of hardness testing machine alongside Brinell and Rockwell?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic weld types?
• The impact toughness of the weld deposit for the B-G 49A 3C G6 (ER49S-6) electrode at -30 degrees Celsius is:
• How do you measure a concave fillet weld?
• When utilizing a non-consumable electrode in DCEN, the majority of heat concentration is on the ________.
• The yield strength is calculated by __________ divided by the cross-sectional area.
• What characteristic is commonly associated with accuracy in welding measurements?
• Brittle materials in a toughness test will __________.
• What type of welding distortion is typically caused by rapid cooling?
• According to CSA W47.1, a Class V Welder is permitted to weld:
• Which polarity is most commonly chosen for direct current GTAW welding of steel?
• In CSA Standard W59 and AWS D1.1, what is the workmanship tolerance for a groove angle?
• Approximately how many times greater is the tensile strength of steel compared to its Brinell hardness number?
• What term describes the load divided by the original cross-sectional area?
• What is the typical maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) of an AC welding machine?
• Which type of loading involves forces acting in opposite directions?
• Which type of welding has a maximum arc efficiency of approximately 90%?
• What is the maximum gauge pressure that acetylene should be used at?
• What is the main alloying element in the AISI 400 series?
• What term describes steel that contains less than 0.8% carbon content?
• What is the term used to describe the loss of corrosion resistance due to the formation of carbides at grain boundaries in certain stainless steels?
• What common application is stainless steel often used for due to its corrosion resistance?
• What is the composition of a green tungsten electrode?
• What characteristic does DCEP provide during GTAW?
• What is the effect of increasing the arc length on the arc voltage?
• Stress relief temperatures for thick sections occur __________ the material transformation temperature.
• "Hot shortness" in steel is typically caused by high content of which element?
• True or False: Increasing the nickel content allows austenite to remain stable at lower temperatures.
• What percentage of chromium is minimum in AISI 400 series steel?
• What is the primary purpose of a stress-relief treatment in welding?
• Which welding type is known for producing the least distortion?
• A specified curvature of a flange in the plane of the web is known as:
• To what does the term 'arc length' refer in welding?
• How does CSA typically designate the tensile value of an electrode?
• What is a characteristic feature of duplex stainless steels?
• The rate of energy consumption is expressed by what formula?
• Construction codes often specify that a penetrameter must be what percentage of the material's thickness?
• Stainless steels are defined as those containing at least what percentage of chromium?
• True or False: A welding cable size designation "No. 4" is larger than a "No. 2".
• From a height of 2.5m, approximately how far could spatter travel when welding or cutting?
• How is excessive joint penetration indicated on a radiograph?
• What crystalline structure does regular low-carbon steel have at room temperature?
• In what situation would a welder prefer using a small diameter electrode?
• What is the main alloying element in the AISI 200 series?
• On a radiograph, excessive joint penetration appears as a _________ line.
• In an X-ray setup, the tungsten target is embedded in a __________ block to conduct the heat away.
• What is the effect on the Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) weld when switching from Direct Current Electrode Positive (DCEP) to Direct Current Electrode Negative (DCEN)?
• In what scenario is it appropriate to use throat thickness for measurement?
• In hardness testing, a lighter load can result from which condition?
• What is the typical three-phase input voltage in most Canadian welding shops?
• I = V/R and V = IR are examples of which law?
• What can excessive oxygen or CO2 in stainless steel welding lead to?
• Stainless steel welding is __________ to oxygen than carbon steel welding.
• On a radiograph, spatter appears as __________ spots.
• Which toxic component is found in some copper alloys?
• What is the typical use of the Vickers hardness test?
• Austenitic stainless steels are characterized as:
• What type of radiation is known to cause damage to living cells?
• On a radiograph, what does undercut appear as?
• What is the minimum number of RT shots required for small-diameter tubing?
• True or False: Metals have a crystalline structure with atoms arranged in a regular pattern.
• Which quality is most important for a welding electrode used in high-temperature applications?
• What does the term 'duty cycle' refer to in welding?
• What is the typical duty cycle for a Class 1 industrial welding power source?
• The DeLong diagram accounts for which important factor affecting stainless steels?
• In an X-ray setup, increasing the voltage affects the penetrating power in which way?
• Which property of steel is enhanced by the presence of manganese during welding?
• Increasing the voltage when using an X-ray machine produces a __________ wavelength.
• What polarity is typically used for plasma arc cutting?
• What type of wire-feeder is required for using CC in wire-feed welding?
• What benefit does cellulose provide in a SMAW electrode coating?
• According to CSA, which formula is used to measure a convex fillet weld?
• Is it possible to operate a wire-feed welding process using constant current?
• What is the maximum temperature that can be exceeded in arc welding in degrees Celsius?
• What do the terms TLV and TWA stand for in occupational safety?
• Which type of radiation has a longer wavelength?
• Another term for weld fault is:
• What type of weld is characterized by a triangular cross-section?
• Which polarity is used to increase the melting rate of a SMAW electrode?
• At what temperature should low-hydrogen SMAW electrodes be stored?
• Which of the following produces a shorter wavelength?
• What type of transformer do AC transformer welding power sources typically use?
• In a welding symbol, where is the size of the weld located relative to the fillet weld symbol?
• What is a common remedy for preventing chromium from forming carbides in stainless steel?
• According to CSA W59, if the leg lengths of a convex fillet weld are unequal, which one determines the weld size?
• When working with stainless steel, why is it important to match the electrode to the base metal?
• The terms "rimmed", "semi-killed" and "killed" steel refer to the degree of what?
• What is the primary function of a diode in a welding machine?
• What device is commonly used by RT personnel to measure their radiation dose?
• What are the two basic methods of plasma torch operation?
• What are the five basic joints in welding?
• Which class of FCAW wire has similar ingredients to 7018 SMAW rod?
• Does low-carbon steel undergo any major changes to its microstructure when given a stress-relief treatment at 625° Celsius?
• In GTAW, what type of penetration and weld width can be expected when using DCEP?
• Which of the following welding processes is most associated with generating significant smoke and fume?
• Which of the following describes an essential characteristic of a rectifier?
• What type of electrode is recommended for welding austenitic stainless steel?
• At what angle of a T-joint is fillet weld now considered a partial joint penetration groove?
• What should be considered when selecting the correct welding technique for a specific job?
• Cold cracking typically forms at temperatures below what threshold?
• True or False: The Schaeffler Diagram was developed to categorize alloying elements.
• What does the term "18-8 stainless" refer to in stainless steel?
• Is the FCAW wire E492T-10 self-shielded or gas-shielded?
• Which provides a radiograph with better contrast and sensitivity - X-ray or Gamma ray?
• In an isometric drawing, the lines for width, length, and depth are inclined at an angle of how many degrees?
• What alloying ingredient is found in a brown tungsten electrode?
• Which phase is primarily responsible for the ductility of steel?
• Unless specified otherwise, it is typical to perform a hydrostatic test at a pressure of __________ the maximum working pressure.
• True or False: All plasma arc cutting equipment operates using DCEN.
• What phase transformation does a steel undergo to become martensite?
• What is the primary purpose of using GMAW in welding processes?
• How many shots are required to RT a splice weld in a rectangular hollow structural section with no access to the inside?
• What does the suffix "-1" in electrode designations indicate?
• The term "convexity" normally refers to the profile of a __________.
• True or False: For thick plates, the cooling rate is inversely proportional to the heat input.
• Does Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) utilize Constant Current (CC) or Constant Voltage (CV)?
• True or False: The cable from the workpiece back to the welding machine is referred to as the "ground lead".
• Which method of plasma cutting is characterized by the arc being transferred to the material being cut?
• Which of the following can be used on all materials (e.g., aluminum) - X-ray or Gamma ray?
• What type of flux does NOT easily transfer oxygen to the weld metal?
• What is the impact of increasing the welding speed in MIG welding?
• At what temperature does CSA W59 require low-hydrogen electrodes to be held?
• Which factor primarily influences the choice of welding filler material?
• How long should you wait for a steel tape measure to adjust in colder temperatures?
• What is the primary purpose of using a penetrameter in welding inspection?
• What is the purpose of the shielding gas in the MIG welding process?
• In an iron-nickel alloy, at what percentage of nickel does it become austenitic at room temperature?
• At what temperature does regular low-carbon steel transition from BCC to FCC structure?
• What is the third type of guided bend test alongside face bends and root bends?
• Which of the following alloys is generally less reactive than stainless steels?
• Which of the following FCAW wires is designed to be either self-shielded or gas-shielded?
• What weld type is most commonly tested for thermal severity?
• Which welding technique is characterized by a higher energy input?
• Regarding weld defects, what is the characteristic of a “porosity” defect?
• What is the average outside diameter of a cylinder with a taped circumference of 9,425mm?
• What are the two basic types of penetrant dyes used in inspection?
• What temperature can a plasma cutting torch reach?
• True or False: The amount of weld metal directly affects welding shrinkage.
• True or False: You can use an E308 grade electrode when welding 304 type stainless steel.
• Which organization in Canada is responsible for regulating the use of x-ray devices?
• What type of current do welding machines typically use for SMAW?
• When measuring the size of a weld, which factor contributes to the calculated weight?
• What is one of the main risks associated with welding fumes?
• In an iron-chromium alloy, a chromium content higher than what percentage means austenite cannot form?
• In a combined assembly of groove and fillet welds, which should be welded first?
• What equipment is essential for an oxy-acetylene cutting process?
• Which toxic gas is produced when welding on surfaces with chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents?
• What type of welding process typically employs a variable speed wire-feeder?
• Which method is often employed to relieve residual stresses in welded components?
• On a radiograph, porosity appears as __________ spots.
• When welding aluminum with Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), what current/polarity is primarily used?
• What type of weld joint is recommended for joining the ends of two pieces of metal?
• Which common fuel gas has the widest range where it can become flammable when mixed with air?
• What is the typical risk associated with welding in confined areas?
• What does the term 'undercut' describe in welding?
• Alloys are mixtures of metals with which of the following?
• What is the minimum suggested shade for a welding helmet when using a 5/32 SMAW electrode at 150 A?
• Martensitic and ferritic stainless steels are characterized as:
• How many times can a low-hydrogen SMAW electrode be re-baked?
• In an electrical arc, the direction of electron flow is from which of the following?
• Which of the following hardness testers will be used because it has a small indentation size suitable for thinner samples?
• Is helium lighter or heavier than air?
• What should be done with the IQI if using contact exposure on a pipe weld?
• Ozone is primarily produced by which type of environmental interaction?
• What is one primary role of nickel in stainless steel?
• True or False: Stainless steel can be easily cut with a normal oxy-fuel gas process.
• What is the primary purpose of preheating steel before welding?
• What is the primary method to prevent corrosion in welded components?
• In metallurgical terms, what is "taconite" primarily regarded as?
• Which welding method is most commonly used with stainless steel?
• What property is associated with austenitic stainless steel?
• A high presence of oxides in welding will likely affect Charpy V-notch impact energy how?
• What angle is considered a threshold for partial penetration groove welds in skewed fillet welds?
• Ferrite, austenite and cementite are classified as what in metallurgy?
• Which welding operation is characterized by a "drooping" curve?
• What kind of crystalline structure does chromium have?
• What voltage potential is needed to inspect 25mm thick steel?
• In Ohm's Law (I = V/R), what does the letter "I" represent?
• What is a key difference between normalizing and annealing in the context of steel treatment?
• Which testing method is primarily used to assess a material's impact toughness?
• Which gas should be avoided when dealing with oxygen regulators due to its risk of combustibility?
• On a radiograph, defects closer to the film side of the weld will appear __________.
• A "pipe" is a solidification cavity in steel. Where would you most likely find such a defect when visually inspecting a rolled plate?
• The thickness of a specimen being hardness tested should be how many times the depth of the impression?
• What is the crystalline structure typical of metals called?
• What does the letter "R" represent in Ohm's Law (I = V/R)?
• When using a consumable electrode in Direct Current Electrode Negative (DCEN), where is the majority of the heat concentrated?
• Is overlap a dimensional fault or a structural fault?
• Which electrode designation is NOT gas-shielded?
• Solidification cracking in stainless steel can be caused by the presence of which impurity?
• What distinguishes fluorescent penetrant dyes from visible ones?
• Non-uniform stress in a rod is calculated by:
• Which FCAW wire grade is NOT typically used for self-shielding?
• Which welding process is known for having the highest arc efficiency?
• In welding joints, what is primarily used for joining metal sheets with overlapping edges?
• For out-of-position welding, which diameter electrode would be preferable?
• Which of the following is harder, martensite or fine pearlite?
• Which type of weld is best suited for connecting two pieces at right angles?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of cast when discussing welding wire?
• For a successful weld, what is crucial to adjust when switching between different types of electrodes?
• Which two general classes do picture drawings fall into?
• What type of contraction effects in weld metal are considered to be more serious?
• Which property is generally less in brittle materials compared to ductile materials?
• In which welding process would you typically find a SMAW electrode?
• Which structure is more densely packed: FCC or BCC?
• Which of the following is an example of ionizing radiation?
• What is the main purpose of deoxidation in steel production?
• What is one characteristic of BCC crystalline structures?
• Which dimension is measured to determine the size of a concave fillet weld?
• The action of UV light on oxygen produces which toxic gas?
• What type of defects do lighter spots on a radiograph typically indicate?
• What are the three ways a load can act on a cross-sectional area in a body?
• What is the nominal percentage of thorium oxide in a red tungsten electrode?
• In which type of welding would you typically use a shielding gas?
• Which welding process will likely have the highest fume generation rate?